When evaluating investments, analysts are taught to focus qualitatively on the sources of competitive advantage and quantitatively on forecasts for growth, profitability, and returns on capital. Little emphasis is placed on the shareholder base. But not all businesses have the same shareholders, and the differences matter.

For my entire career as a trader, portfolio manager, and investor, I've relied on a combination of systematic (or rules-based) methodology, fundamental analysis (understanding the trends of significant economic indicators), and technical analysis (the historical review of price data and charts) to understand market trends and actions. The building blocks of successful active management (alpha generation) must incorporate elements of each of these analysis tools.

Buy and hold (B&H), constant mix, and constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) are commonly used dynamic strategies for rebalancing portfolios.

Preparing for the CFA® certification process involved devoting a year and a half of my free time to pursuing a single goal with very narrow margins for success at each stage across three exams. Although I completed the process with the fastest timing possible—namely, December for Level I and June for Levels II and III

I first learned about the CFA Program as an undergrad finance major in the mid-1980s. I had always had an interest in the stock market, and would frequently read through the stock tables in the local newspaper and in the copy of Barron’s at the school library.